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RECORDED CLASSES CD 1 - US HISTORY BEFORE THE FOUNDING OF THE USA Roman law within bounds common law Leif Ericson lands in Canada. Magna Carta rights guaranteed bails consent of Parliament Columbus discovers the New World. Iroquois League Ponce de Leon discovers Florida. Balboa discovers the Pacific Ocean. Magellan’s crew circumnavigates world Magellan dies en route. De Soto discovers the Mississippi River. Jamestown settled Henry Hudson explores Hudson river. The Dutch purchase Manhattan Island.

INDEX 1. Before the Founding 444 2. Early Colonists 1 333 3. Early Colonists 2 333 4. Early Colonists 3 333 5. Early Colonists 4 333 La Salle claims the Louisiana Territory. Alaska discovered British claim Australia French and Indian war Stamp tax import taxes Boston Tea Party Boston Massacre Intolerable Acts Copyright 2002-2005 by Carl H. Peterson

EARLY COLONISTS 1 Meaning Clusters Most settlers who came to America in the 17th century were English. A few Dutch, Swede and German colonists settled in the middle region. French Huguenots settled in South Carolina. African slaves were taken to the south. Spaniards, Italians and Portuguese were scattered throughout the colonies. After 1680 England ceased to be the chief source of immigration. Thousands of refugees fled continental Europe to escape war. Many left their homelands to avoid living in poverty under government oppression and absentee-landlordism. By 1690, the American population had risen to a quarter of a million. In 1775, it numbered more than 2.5 million.

MEMORY TRIGGERS TESTS ______settlers_______________________ ___________________________________ ________Dutch______________________ ___________________________________ _________Huguenots_________________ ___________________________________ Spaniards___________________________ ___________________________________ ___________England_________________ ___________________________________ Thousands__________________________ ___________________________________ _______________avoid________________ ___________________________________ ______________population____________ ___________________________________ ____1775___________________________ ___________________________________ Source US State Department Speed Learning format by Carl Peterson ©2005

EARLY COLONISTS 2 Meaning Clusters Thin, stony soil, little level land and long winters made farming difficult in New England. New Englanders turned to water power. They milled grain and lumber. Northeastern forests provided timber for shipbuilding. Excellent harbors promoted trade. The sea became a source of great wealth. Shipmasters built their own vessels and sailed them all over the world. By the end of the colonial period, one-third of all vessels under the British flag were built in New England. New England shippers soon discovered the "triangular trade". They purchased slaves off the coast of Africa for New England rum. They sold the slaves in the West Indies for molasses. They sold the molasses to local rum producers.

MEMORY TRIGGERS TESTS Thin_____________________________ ___________________________________ New Englanders_____________________ ___________________________________ milled______________________________ ___________________________________ Northeastern________________________ ___________________________________ sea_________________________________ ___________________________________ Shipmasters_________________________ ___________________________________ _______________vessels_______________ ___________________________________ ______________"triangular trade"_____ ___________________________________ ________purchased__________________ ___________________________________ _____sold___________________________ Source US State Department Speed Learning format by Carl Peterson ©2005

EARLY COLONISTS 3 Meaning Clusters The middle colonies were more cosmopolitan and tolerant than New England. Pennsylvania functioned smoothly and grew rapidly under the guidance of William Penn. By 1685 its population was almost 9,000. Germans became the colony's most skillful farmers. They also were skilled at weaving, shoemaking, cabinetmaking and other crafts. The Scots-Irish moved into the colony in the early 18th century. They hated the English and were suspicious of all government. The Scots-Irish tended to settle in the back country. The Dutch exercised an important social and economic influence on New York. Their sharp-stepped, gable roofs became a permanent part of the city's architecture. Their merchants gave Manhattan much of its bustling, commercial atmosphere.

MEMORY TRIGGERS TESTS middle_____________________________ ___________________________________ Pennsylvania________________________ ___________________________________ _________population_________________ ___________________________________ Germans___________________________ ___________________________________ ________skilled______________________ ___________________________________ Scots-Irish__________________________ ___________________________________ _________________suspicious__________ ___________________________________ Dutch______________________________ ___________________________________ __________gable_____________________ ___________________________________ merchants__________________________ Source US State Department Speed Learning format by Carl Peterson ©2005

EARLY COLONISTS 4 Meaning Clusters The southern colonies of Virginia, Maryland, North and South Carolina and Georgia were predominantly rural. By the late 17th century, Virginia’s and Maryland's economic and social structure rested on plantations and yeoman farms. Slave labor supported the plantation owners. They held most of the political power and the best land. Their aristocratic way of life maintained ties with European culture. Yeoman farmers worked smaller tracts of land. Their involvement in popular assemblies led to political office. Charleston became the leading port and trading center of the South. Settlers combined agriculture and commerce. The marketplace became a source of prosperity. Dense forests also brought revenue. Lumber, tar and resin from the longleaf pine provided excellent shipbuilding materials.

MEMORY TRIGGERS TESTS southern____________________________ ___________________________________ _________17^th century________________ ___________________________________ Slave_______________________________ ___________________________________ ________________political____________ ___________________________________ aristocratic_________________________ ___________________________________ Yeoman____________________________ ___________________________________ __________________assemblies________ ___________________________________ Charleston__________________________ ___________________________________ marketplace_________________________ ___________________________________ Lumber____________________________ ___________________________________ Source US State Department Speed Learning format by Carl Peterson ©2005