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AP EUROPEAN HISTORY Copyright 2002 By Carl H. Peterson All rights reserved. 1695-1703 Hungary and Transylvania Under Austrian Control 1703-1730 Austria forces Turks from Belgrade 1774-1789 Catherine the Great forces Turks to surrender Crimea Protects Eastern Orthodox church BAROQUE AND ROCOCO ART AND CULTURE 1600 - 1750 Emphasized grandeur spaciousness unity and emotional impact Michelangelo inspired baroque architecture Massive and powerful forms; Ovals replaced circles as floor plans and motifs	INDEX 45 minutes audio Petersonlibrary.com European History, p37-38 French Baroque 1 French Baroque Timeline 1 Italian Baroque 1 Bernini designed colonnade of St. Peter's Basilica: two great arms embracing the world Architecture of symmetry balance and fountains Chiaroscuro technique Italian painters spread through Europe Flemish painter Rubens emphasized color and sensuality Text dominated music for baroque composers: lyrics came first Vivaldi developed concerto form in three movements Bach a master of balancing melody and harmony through counterpoint Rococo French word "Shell or decorative scroll"
FRENCH BAROQUE 1 Meaning Clusters Louis XIV desired to glorify his dignity and the magnificence of France. French artists expressed a distinct style that rivaled the exuberance of the Italian baroque. The history and landscape paintings of Nicolas Poussin and Claude Lorrain are characterized by symmetry and clarity of form. They organized their compositions to demonstrate the power of reason in French culture. After Louis XIV’s death French society moved from the court at Versailles to Paris. Elegant interiors were decorated with sinuously curved and arabesque motifs. Watteau incorporated the rococo S curve in paintings such as the fêtes galantes. It showed pleasure-seeking ladies and gentlemen socializing in a pastoral setting. François Boucher indicated the taste of the mid-eighteenth century in his idealized depictions of courtly beauty.		MEMORY TRIGGERS TESTS Louis XIV__________________________ ___________________________________ French_____________________________ ___________________________________ _____________landscape______________ ___________________________________ ________________symmetry___________ ___________________________________ ____________compositions____________ ___________________________________ ____________society_________________ ___________________________________ _____________decorated______________ ___________________________________ Watteau____________________________ ___________________________________ ________pleasure-seeking_____________ ___________________________________ François Boucher____________________ ___________________________________ Source NGA Speed Learning format by Carl Peterson ©2005

FRENCH BAROQUE TIMELINE 1 1713 War of Spanish Succession ends. France's expansion in Europe comes to a halt. 1715 Louis XV succeeds Louis XIV as king of France 1717 Handel's Water Music first performed on Thames 1718 New Orleans founded by the French 1721 Death of Watteau 1727 Death of Isaac Newton 1740 Frederick the Great assumes Prussian throne. Richardson's Pamela, Virtue Rewarded published 1742 Handel's Messiah first performed 1745 Madame de Pompadour becomes mistress of Louis XV Source NGA Speed Learning format by Carl Peterson ©2005

1748 Excavation begins of Roman Pompeii 1751 First volume appears of Diderot's Encyclopedia 1758 Voltaire completes Candide 1762 Rousseau publishes Social Contract Mozart, age six, begins tour Catherine the Great begins rule in Russia 1763 Seven Years War ends. France loses most colonial possessions 1770 Death of Boucher 1774 Louis XVI becomes king of France Goethe publishes Sorrows of Young Werther 1776 Adam Smith publishes Wealth of Nations American War of Independence begins

ITALIAN BAROQUE 1 Meaning Clusters Landscape, still life and gence pictures became subjects worthy of independent attention in 16^th and 17^th Century Italy. Elements of these had always been present. Landscape backdrops were prominent in religious and mythological subjects. Portrait painters used still life objects to define a sitter’s position, prestige or profession. Gence scenes appeared as background vignettes with moralizing undercurrents. Northern European landscapes offered a god’s eye view wide in scope and complete in detail. They were popular with Italian audiences. Vassari claimed, “There is no cobbler’s house without its landscape.” Northern landscapes inspired artists such as Raphael to focus greater attention on background settings. Italian landscape developed fully with the Carraci family. They renewed an emphasis on the careful observation of nature.

MEMORY TRIGGERS TESTS Landscape _________________________ ___________________________________ in _________________________________ Elements ___________________________ _________________________backdrops ___________________________________ Portrait ___________________________ ___________________________________ _________________scenes ___________ ___________________________________ Northern European _________________ ___________________________________ ____________________________ popular ___________________________________ Vassari ____________________________ ___________________________________ Northern __________________________ ___________________________________ Italy _______________________________ _____________________Carraci _______ ______ renewed _____________________ ___________________________________ Source NGA Speed Learning format by Carl Peterson ©2005