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AP EUROPEAN HISTORY Copyright 2002 By Carl H.
Peterson All rights reserved. Political causes: One-man rule in city-states gave freedom from royal interference. Rulers competed to beautify public buildings and churches. Intellectual causes: fall of brought influx of Greek scholars and books. New authors: Dante – Divine Comedy; soul’s journey through Hell to Heaven. Petrarch – father of humanism; wrote many sonnets to Laura. Boccaccio – Decameron: 100 tales to amuse not to edify. Castiglione – Book of the Courtier external attributes of successful gentleman: speech/sports/dancing. Art changed Medieval art idealized figure |
INDEX
45 minutes audio Petersonlibrary.com
Giotto Father of Renaissance painting Donatello First bronze statue since classical times Leonardo Da Vinci Mona Lisa brilliant inventor and draftsman Raphael prolific painter Michelangelo Sculpted David Painted Sistine Chapel Leonardo Bruni Civic Humanist First to use the term "humanism" Machiavelli analyzed politics based on reason not faith or morals "Might makes right" philosophy Preserve the State at all costs |
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Charles Martel (Charles
the Hammer) 686—741 Present-day
France Illegitimate
son of Pepin II and his
concubine Apaida Pepin’s
infant grandson Theodoald succeeded
him supported by Pepin’s
widow Plectrude Charles was
Mayor of the Palace of the
Kingdom of the Franks Defeated Nustrian
Franks and forces
loyal to Plectrude Gained power
by military victories and
donations to important clerics Fought
against Bavaria and
Alemmannia in the east Aquitaine
and Provence in south and Saxons
in northeast Most famous
military victory Battle of
Tours in 732 Arab armies
had conquered southern
Asia, northern Africa and Iberian
Peninsula Charles
Martel defeated the Arabs at Battle of
Tours 732 Halted
spread of Islam led to
unification of Frankish kingdom His son
Pepin the Short and grandson
Charlemagne kept Ummayad
kingdom from
crossing the Pyrenees |
MEMORY
TRIGGERS Charles the
Hammer________________ _________________________________ Pepin
II__________________________ _________________________________ Theodoald________________________ _________________________________ Plectrude_________________________ _________________________________ Bavaria__________________________ _________________________________ Aquitaine_________________________ _________________________________ Saxons___________________________ _________________________________ Battle of
Tours____________________ _________________________________ Arab_____________________________ _________________________________ Iberian
Peninsula___________________ _________________________________ Islam____________________________ _________________________________ Copyrighted 2005 by Carl
Peterson |
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FLORENCE RENAISSANCE TIMELINE 2 1418 Florentine citizens led by Giovanni di Bicci de'
Medici rebuild the Church of an
eleventh-century structure. The Medici commission Brunelleschi to construct a new nave, transept, several
chapels 1420 Masaccio creates a fresco of the Trinity for the Church of in
It applies Brunelleschi's theories of linear perspective to
painting. A series of frescos for the Brancacci Chapel of Santa Maria del Carmine, in depict figures of classical proportion and
psychological depth. 1423 Gentile da Fabriano champions the International Gothic style in
He completes the Adoration of the Magi of Santa Trinità in
Source NGA |
It displays softly luminous palette, dignity of form, and
courtly elegance. 1424 Ghiberti completes San Giovanni’s north portal depicting scenes from the life of
Christ. 1431 Fra Filippo Lippi leaves the Carmelite convent and earns great success with his lively frescoes
and easel paintings. 1432 Fra Angelico completes for the Church of San Domenico in
Cortona. The central panel exemplifies
elegance 1435 Architect and humanist Leon Battista Alberti writes a treatise “On Painting”. 1436 Brunelleschi completes Fra Angelico produces many frescoes for the convent interior of San Marco in
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PHILIPPUS
AUREOLUS PARACELSUS 1493—1541 Swiss
alchemist and physician Called
father of toxicology Famous
quote, “The dose
makes the poison” meaning
amount of poison contributes
to its effects Basis of
dose response assessment observing
adverse effect in animals of various
dose levels and
calculating an equivalent dose for humans Journeyed to
Middle East to study
with alchemists Won fame in
Europe for new
medical treatments when he
returned Common
practice was to cauterize
wounds with boiling
oil or amputate
wounded limbs after they
became gangrenous Paracelsus
believed wounds would heal
if allowed to drain and kept
from becoming infected He rejected
magic theories of other
alchemists Pioneered
use of chemicals and minerals
in medicine Coined the
word “alcohol” Named the
element “zinc” based on
German word for “sharp” because of
shape of its crystals Used
experimentation to learn about the
human body |
MEMORY
TRIGGERS Swiss__________________________________ _______________________________________ alchemist_______________________________ _______________________________________ physician_______________________________ _______________________________________ toxicology_______________________________ _______________________________________ dose response
assessment___________________ _______________________________________ new medical
treatments____________________ _______________________________________ cauterize________________________________ _______________________________________ drain___________________________________ _______________________________________ magic__________________________________ _______________________________________ chemicals_______________________________ _______________________________________ alcohol_________________________________ _______________________________________ zinc____________________________________ _______________________________________ |